Country | Type | Number | Dated | Case |
Australia | Issued Patent | 2017335890 | 08/22/2024 | 2017-016 |
United States Of America | Issued Patent | 11,873,504 | 01/16/2024 | 2017-016 |
India | Issued Patent | 462184 | 10/26/2023 | 2017-016 |
United States Of America | Issued Patent | 11,795,472 | 10/24/2023 | 2017-016 |
United Kingdom | Issued Patent | 2569733 | 09/14/2022 | 2017-016 |
United States Of America | Issued Patent | 10,570,415 | 02/25/2020 | 2017-016 |
United States Of America | Published Application | 20240167052 | 05/23/2024 | 2017-016 |
Mexico | Published Application | WO 2018/064371 | 02/25/2021 | 2017-016 |
Hong Kong | Published Application | 40012328A | 07/24/2020 | 2017-016 |
Hong Kong | Published Application | 40004835 A | 04/29/2020 | 2017-016 |
Japan | Published Application | 2019-532644 | 11/14/2019 | 2017-016 |
Eurasian Patent Office | Published Application | 201990861 | 09/30/2019 | 2017-016 |
European Patent Office | Published Application | 3523426 A0 | 08/14/2019 | 2017-016 |
China | Published Application | CN110023494A | 07/16/2019 | 2017-016 |
Brazil | Published Application | 2529 | 06/25/2019 | 2017-016 |
Rep Of Korea | Published Application | 10-2019-0071725 | 06/24/2019 | 2017-016 |
Canada | Published Application | WO 2018/064371 | 04/05/2018 | 2017-016 |
Israel | Published Application | WO 2018/064371 | 04/05/2018 | 2017-016 |
New Zealand | Published Application | WO 2018/064371 | 04/05/2018 | 2017-016 |
Saudi Arabia | Published Application | WO 2018/064371 | 04/05/2018 | 2017-016 |
Singapore | Published Application | WO 2018/064371 | 04/05/2018 | 2017-016 |
South Africa | Published Application | WO 2018/064371 | 04/05/2018 | 2017-016 |
Additional Patents Pending
The CRISPR-Cas system is now understood to confer bacteria and archaea with acquired immunity against phage and viruses. CRISPR-Cas systems consist of Cas proteins, which are involved in acquisition, targeting and cleavage of foreign DNA or RNA, and a CRISPR array, which includes direct repeats flanking short spacer sequences that guide Cas proteins to their targets. Class 2 CRISPR-Cas are streamlined versions in which a single Cas protein bound to RNA is responsible for binding to and cleavage of a targeted sequence. The programmable nature of these minimal systems has facilitated their use as a versatile technology that is revolutionizing the field of genome manipulation. Current CRISPR Cas technologies are based on systems from cultured bacteria, leaving untapped the vast majority of organisms that have not been isolated. There is a need in the art for additional Class 2 CRISPR/Cas systems (e.g., Cas protein plus guide RNA combinations).
UC Berkeley
researchers discovered a new type of Cas protein, CasX, from groundwater
samples. CasX is short compared to
previously identified CRISPR-Cas endonucleases, and thus use of this protein as
an alternative provides the advantage that the nucleotide sequence encoding the
protein is relatively short. CasX
utilizes a tracrRNA and a guide RNA to perform double stranded cleavage of DNA.
The researchers introduced CRISPR-CasX into E. coli, finding
that they could block genetic material introduced into the cell. Further research results indicated that
CRISPR-CasX operates in a manner analogous to CRISPR-Cas9, but utilizing an
entirely distinct protein architecture containing different catalytic domains. CasX is also expected to function under
different conditions (e.g., temperature) given the environment of the organisms
that CasX was expressed in. Similar to
CRISPR Cas9, CasX enzymes are expected to have a wide variety of applications
in genome editing and nucleic acid manipulation.
CasX enzymes comprise a distinct family of RNA-guided genome editors: Jun-Jie Liu, Natalia Orlova, Benjamin L. Oakes, Enbo Ma, Hannah B. Spinner, Katherine L. M. Baney, Jonathan Chuck, Dan Tan, Gavin J. Knott, Lucas B. Harrington, Basem Al-Shayeb, Alexander Wagner, Julian Brötzmann, Brett T. Staahl, Kian L. Taylor, John Desmarais, Eva Nogales & Jennifer A. Doudna, Nature, volume 566, pages218–223 (2019)
CRISPR, gene editing, genome, gene therapy, cell biology, CasX, Cas12e