Researchers at the University of California, Davis have developed a technology providing the creation of stable analogs of glycosphingosines and gangliosides containing O-acetylated sialic acid for extensive biological and medical applications.

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The invention entails a unique catheter device utilizing electromotive drug administration (EMDA) to enhance drug penetrance into tissues of the ureter, renal pelvis, and calyces. By incorporating a conductive wire and fluid delivery system, the catheter enables targeted drug delivery, potentially revolutionizing the treatment of kidney stones, urothelial carcinoma, infections, and inflammation without systemic side effects.

Researchers at the University of California, Davis have developed multi-specific antibody molecules including bi-specific and tri-specific antibodies that could serve to co-localize effector T-cells, target tumor B-cells and would simultaneously enhance anti-tumor activity and proliferation, whilst minimizing potential systemic toxicities

This patent application describes methods for non-invasive, label-free imaging of the cellular immune response in human skin using a nonlinear optical imaging system.

A novel method and device for high-throughput sorting of cells in suspension, particularly focusing on the separation of key cellular blood components of the immune system. The patent application presents a novel approach to high-throughput cell sorting, particularly suitable for applications in medicine and biotechnology where precise separation of cell populations is crucial.

The disclosed methods offer a robust approach to accurately quantify skin optical properties across different skin tones, facilitating improved diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment in dermatology.

Professor Min Xue and colleagues from the University of California, Riverside have developed a new method of construction of a bicyclic peptide library featuring a novel stereo-diversified structure and a simplified construction strategy.  MYC inhibitors were synthesized to demonstrate this method. The method works by using a tandem ring-opening metathesis (ROM) and ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction (ROM-RCM) to cyclize the linear peptide library in a single step. This technology is advantageous because the resulting bicyclic peptide may be easily linearized for MS/MS sequencing with a one-step chemistry procedure. 

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Researchers at the University of California, Davis have developed a unique peptide that induces cell differentiation by inhibiting cellular protein CHD4, a promising approach to target dedifferentiated cancer cells and for cell therapy.

Researchers at the University of California, Davis have identified a short peptide which rapidly promotes protein degradation in cancerous enzymes and induces cell differentiation to kill lymphomas.

Researchers at the University of California, Davis have developed a virally derived homolog to increase the inflammatory response desirable in cancer immunotherapy.

Researchers at the University of California, Davis have developed a viral peptide therapeutic that targets MYC-based cancerous tumors.

Researchers at UC Irvine have identified and tested a molecular target that regulates T cell function during chronic viral infection and cancer. The molecular target is one of the high mobility group proteins (HMGB2). HMGB2 is a DNA binding protein that regulates transcriptional processes, meaning that its modulation will have profound effects on T cell differentiation and ultimate function by altering the expression of many genes.

Lipoxygenases catalyze the peroxidation of fatty acids which contain bisallylic hydrogens between two cis double bonds, such as in linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA). Lipoxygenases are named according to their product specificity with AA as the substrate because AA is the precursor of many active lipid metabolites that are involved in a number of significant disease states. The human genome contains six functional human lipoxygenases (LOX) genes (ALOX5, ALOX12, ALOX12B, ALOX15, ALOX15B, eLOX3) encoding for six different human LOX isoforms (h5-LOX, h12S-LOX, h12R-LOX, h15-LOX-1, h15-LOX-2, eLOX3, respectively). The biological role in health and disease for each LOX isozyme varies dramatically, ranging from asthma to diabetes or stroke. The nomenclature of the LOX isozymes is loosely based on the carbon position (e.g., 5, 12, or 15) at which they oxidize arachidonic acid to form the corresponding hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HpETE), which is reduced to the hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) by intracellular glutathione peroxidases. Lipoxygenase inhibitors are difficult to formulate due to challenges with solubility and other factors, therefore new formulations are needed.

Lipoxygenases form a large family of enzymes capable of oxidizing arachidonic acid and related polyunsaturated fatty acids. One such lipoxygenase, 12/15 LOX can oxidize both the C-12 and C-15 of arachidonic acid, forming 12- or 15-hydroperosyarachidonic acid (12- or 15-HPETE). Lipoxygenases and their metabolites have been implicated in many diseases. In particular 12/15-LOX (also known as 15-LOX-1, 15-LOX, or 15-LO-1 in humans and L-12-LoX, leukocyte-type 12-LO, or L-12-LO in mice) plays a role in atherogenesis, diabetes, Alzheimer's, newborn periventricular leukomalacia, breast cancer, and stroke. Whatever the name, the protein is encoded by the gene ALOX15 in both mice and humans. Lox inhibitors are difficult to develop due to the mouse and human homologs having different substrate and inhibitor specificities - 12/15 LOX produces predominantly 15-HETE in humans and 12-HETE in mice. So existing inhibitors are not selective for 12/15 LOX with regard to other LOX isoforms. In addition, many are strong antioxidants and therefore may result in off-target effects. 

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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have so far shown limited efficacy on brain and solid tumors. UCSF investigators have developed a method of manufacturing recombinant immune cells by pre-treating them with a combination of small molecules to increase the number of CAR T cells in the tumor microenvironment and improve the survival of animal models bearing glioma in the brain relative to CAR T cells that have not received the pre-treatment. These results may be applicable to other solid tumors.

Researchers at UC Irvine have developed methods to facilitate the delivery of a high dose, low energy electron beam or X-ray in a compact manner.

Researchers at UC Irvine have used a computationally powered method to identify small molecule drug leads that exhibited anti-cancer activity in a human-cell-based assay. These small molecules and the approach used to find them will accelerate the research and development of anti-cancer therapeutics.

Marine sponges and microorganisms are the source of many promising bioactive products for use in the treatment of cancer. Multicompound libraries can be readily generated from these sources for comprehensive bioactivity and biosynthetic investigations. Prior studies into these organisms/communities involved examination of Zyzzya sponge metabolites and corresponding bacterial communities from this genus. One particularly potent compound was a makaluvamine extracted from a Zyzzya fulginosa sponge from Papua New Guinea was highly active on PANC-1 cells.  Additional studies show that the key structure of malakuvamine and other related compounds is a pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinoline motif now seen in 100 similar natural products. 

Researchers at the University of California, Davis have developed a self-assembling, fibrous photosensitizer that targets mitochondria in tumor cells for destruction via photodynamic therapy with enhanced localization and potency.

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