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Lower Cost Method for Fabricating Porous Metal Oxide Composites

Researchers at the University of California, Riverside have developed lower cost methods to synthesize metal oxide composites. The metal organic particles are fabricated by first dispersing a metal oxide precursor with a dispersing agent. The pH of the dispersing agent is set between 7.8 and 11. These conditions promote binding of the metal oxide and dispersing agent in solution. The resulting mixture is then heated at lower temperatures than current processes and subsequently extruded to form the desired geometry. The nanoparticles can be recovered and reused for further treatment. Metal oxides can also be fabricated into stand-alone structures, eliminating the need for nanoparticle recovery. Fig. 1 Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) fabrication method for the metal oxide particles. Metal oxide is mixed with the dispersing agent, then washed, heat-treated and finally extruded into the desired geometry   Fig. 2 Dried cubes of TiO2 mixed with PVA dispersing agent  

A Novel Catalyst for Aqueous Chlorate Reduction with High Activity, Salt Resistance, and Stability

Inspired by biological systems, Prof. Jinyong Liu’s lab at UCR has developed a novel heterogeneous, bimetallic catalyst MoOx-Pd/C. The catalyst contains earth-abundant molybdenum (Mo) and the carbon support of Pd/C has a high capacity to accomodate MoOx species. The incorporation of a MoVI yields a highly active and robust catalyst. The porous carbon mimics the enzyme protein pocket (of microbes) to accommodate the oxygen atom transfer metal site. The representative figures shown below demonstrate the high activity and robustness of the catalyst for both chlorate and perchlorate reduction. The effect of concentrated salts on the reduction of 1 mM ClO3− by the MoOx-Pd/C catalyst at a loading of 0.2 g/L. The reactions were conducted at 25 oC and under 1 atm H2. Chlorine balance for ClO4- reduction Fig. 3 shows the profiles of the reduction of 0.18M ClO3− spikes in a multiple-spike reaction series. The decrease of activity was only caused by the gradual build-up of concentrated Cl− (see details in the publication).  

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