Efficiently analyzing large volumes of information, as found in streaming data and big data applications, requires accurate cardinality estimates. This invention is capable of more accurately estimating cardinalities while using little memory and compute, as a result, speeding up query evaluation by as much as 50%.

Researchers at UC Irvine have identified Opthalmic acid (Ophthalmate, OA) for treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD), a degenerative neurological disorder that affects 1-2% of people over the age of 60. PD is characterized by progressive motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with balance. There is currently no cure for Parkinson’s disease, only treatments to help manage the symptoms. Pharmacological strategies for treating PD depend mainly on replacing lost dopamine due to the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra compacta. Six decades after its initial use, L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalalnine (L-DOPA), the dopamine precursor, remains the standard of care for treatment of PD motor symptoms. L-DOPA can readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and is converted to dopamine by aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). Initial treatments with L-DOPA can provide great relief from motor symptoms, but over time its therapeutic effects diminish, and dyskinesia (abnormal involuntary movements) can increase in PD patients. Ophthalmic acid acts as a novel neurotransmitter to counteract the motor symptoms in animal models of PD, with a longer duration of action. Ophthalmic acid can be used as a novel drug for treatment of PD and other neurological disorders.

Researchers at UC Irvine have developed a novel biomaterial to heal and regenerate tissues for chronic wounds. The biomaterial, referred to as GelMA-AN, has immunomodulating properties engineered for complete incorporation into injured tissue while enhancing the regenerative healing activities of immune and stromal cells. It is based on a gelatin scaffold supplemented with Methacrylic Anhydride and immunomodulating apoptotic neutrophil cells. All components have high biocompatibility due to structural and biochemical similarities to the host wound environment. This combination of the hydrogel scaffold and apoptotic neutrophils has uncovered a wound healing mechanism that acts through immunomodulation to enhance regenerative healing. The mechanism works by modulating immune cells to drive them from inflammatory to healing activities that in turn stimulate stromal cells to repair the skin and regenerate health skin appendages such as vasculature.

A groundbreaking synthesis of simplified nitrogenase analogs in E. coli, facilitating nitrogen fixation in a non-diazotrophic organism.This synthesis provides the foundation for replacing fossil-fuel generated ammonia fertilizer with nitrogen fertilizer generated from a bacteria that is well-studied and already used in the biotech field.

The Mandt lab introduces a novel approach to neural image compression, significantly reducing decoding complexity while maintaining competitive rate-distortion performance.

Current methods for CO2­ ­capture and concentration (CCC) are energy intensive due to the reliance on thermal cycles, which are intrinsically Carnot limited in efficiency. Electrochemical carbon dioxide capture and concentration (eCCC) is a modular approach that can achieve significantly higher energy efficiencies than current thermal methods, however eCCC systems have been plagued by oxygen instability. The Yang lab has developed an eCCC approach that is over three times more efficient than any other reported redox carrier-based system and almost twice the efficiency of state-of-the-art alkanolamine-based systems.

The plant species Banksia speciosa relies on wildfires to propagate its seeds. The specialized coating on the seeds, along with the follicle structure, can protect seeds from temperatures over 1,000°C. Inspired by this coating on the seeds of the Banksia plants, researchers at UC Irvine have developed novel, bioinspired coatings, materials, and structures for thermal management, enabling development of cost-effective and ecological thermal management systems.

An innovative technique to produce dissolvable calcium alginate microfibers using an immersed microfluidic spinning process for creating tissue constructs and vascularized tissue implants.