Country | Type | Number | Dated | Case |
United States Of America | Issued Patent | 11,118,194 | 09/14/2021 | 2016-016 |
RNA-mediated adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea
rely on Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)
genomic loci and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins that function together to
provide protection from invading viruses and plasmids. In Type II CRISPR-Cas
systems, the Cas9 protein functions as an RNA-guided endonuclease that uses a
dual-guide RNA consisting of crRNA and trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA) for
target recognition and cleavage by a mechanism involving two nuclease active
sites that together generate double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). Thus, the Cas9
system provides a facile means of modifying genomic information.
UC Berkeley researchers have developed modified
site-directed modifying polypeptides and ribonucleoproteins comprising the
modified polypeptides. As the modified site-directed modifying polypeptides are
modified for passive entry into target cells, the polypeptides are useful in a
variety of methods for target nucleic acid modification.
CRISPR, Cas9, gene, genome editing