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Improved Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic (SERS) Method Operating in the Shortwave Infrared

      Raman spectroscopy, the inelastic scattering of light off molecular vibrations or solid- state phonons, is a critical method in chemical analytics, biological imaging, and materials or even art characterization. A common method for signal enhancement is surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), where noble metal or dielectric nanostructures locally enhance the incoming and/or scattered field. SERS has found wide-spread applications in bio- analytics, fundamental science, viral and bacterial classification, and the study of tissue samples. Yet, obstacles towards more wide-spread adoption with wider scope are poor SERS substrate reproducibility and local hotspot fluctuations of metallic SERS substrates, and background emission from molecules, analytes, hot electrons, plasmons, or carriers in dielectrics that can significantly interfere with small signals of target analytes in SERS.       UC Berkeley researchers have developed an improved method for SERS that simultaneously minimizes spurious background emission, minimizes local heating even under high excitation powers, and maximizes the Raman signal enhancement of dielectric SERS substrates. Together these advantages render the method a powerful contender for sought after quantitative SERS and reliable analyte and single- molecule detection without fluctuations or other perturbations from SERS substrates. This enables commercially relevant usage, particularly in the biosciences and diagnostics, DNA/RNA sequencing, protein sequencing, determination of biomolecular binding constants, interconversion kinetics between biomolecular conformers, post-translational modifications, determination of molecular folding statuses, and classification of different proteoforms. It further has commercial potential in environmental monitoring, food safety, semiconductor inspection, polymer quality control and research, quality control in pharmaceuticals – including vesicles for drug delivery-, materials science, and physical science research.

Three-dimensional Acousto-optic Deflector-lens (3D AODL)

      Optical tweezers generated with light modulation devices have great importance for highly precise laser imaging and addressing systems e.g. excitation and readout of single atoms, imaging of interactions between molecules, or highly precise spatial trapping and movement of particles. To generate dynamic optical tweezers adjustable at the microsecond scale, acousto-optic deflectors (AOD) are commonly used to modulate the spatial profile of laser light. Dynamic optical tweezers are increasingly relevant for emerging technologies such as neutral atom quantum computers, and tightly focused laser spot arrays may enable advanced imaging and/or semiconductor processing applications. However, dynamic optical tweezer systems capable of rapid, aberration-free movement of one or multiple atoms simulataneously, in arbitrary X, Y, and Z directions, have not been realized.      UC Berkeley researchers have developed a dynamic optical tweezer system capable of three-dimensional motion of multiple atoms simultaneously that overcomes significant defects in the prior art. Carefully designed waveform modulation of one or more acousto-optic deflector lenses (AODLs) enables atomic addressing and trapping without moving parts. The invention removes limitations on timing and directional capabilities in all three, X, Y, and Z planes. The invention can flexibly address one atom, multiple atoms, or the entire array at the microsecond scale.

A Computationally Designed Protein Enables Efficient Regeneration Of A Biomimetic Cofactor To Support Diverse Redox Chemistries

Production of chiral chemicals through biotransformation requires an oxidoreductase enzyme and an efficient redox cofactor system comprising electron donors coupled to a dehydrogenase enzyme to regenerate the reduced cofactors.The researchers at the University of California, Irvine (UCI), provide a way to computationally design and optimize hydrogenase enzyme interaction with biomimetic cofactor analogs to improve increase enzymatic efficiency. The group has produced the modified enzyme and show that it is capable of a diverse range of chemical biotransformation.

Parallel Ventilation System for Bus Cabins

Brief description not available

Ladder-Based Bridge Circuits

Brief description not available

High Performance De Novo Cortisol Biosensors

Cortisol is an essential steroid hormone that is involved in numerous physiological processes such as the stress response, regulation of blood pressure, immune modulation, and regulation of the sleep cycle. Cortisol levels can vary based on several factors. Cortisol imbalances can indicate adrenal disorders, such as Cushing’s Syndrome and Addison’s Disease. Cortisol imbalance can also lead to disruption in the sleep cycle, increased stress, and metabolic disorders. Given these facts, accurate and accessible cortisol monitoring is crucial for diagnostics and overall health.Standard methods for monitoring cortisol levels involve enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. These methods, while reliable are performed in laboratory settings using expensive equipment and take significant time to produce results. Reliable on-site or at-home detection methods of cor are unavailable, but would be important tools