Novel Signaling Molecule Utilized by S. Mutans for Biofilm Formation and Quorum Sensing

Background

Dental caries is one of the most widespread and costly diseases affecting western and developing countries. Caries arise from acid produced naturally during bacterial metabolism, primarily from oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans. When adherent to the tooth surface in an organized multi-bacterial architectural framework known as biofilm (commonly called dental plaque), S. mutans produce large amounts of acid, especially in the presence of sucrose, and eventually dissolve the protective enamel layer of the tooth creating the caries lesion.The growth of multi-species biofilms within the oral cavity is a complex and well-regulated process often involving sophisticated intra- and inter-species communication between many bacteria, including S. mutans. Though some signaling molecules involved have been identified, little is known about the requirements for S. mutans biofilm formation. Caries prevention by mechanical removal of plaque has remained the primary method favored by dentists for decades. No cleaning is completely effective, however, and bacterial biofilms containing S. mutans can reestablish on the tooth within hours. A significant need therefore exists for a therapeutic capable of preventing S. mutans biofilm colonization prior to caries formation.

Innovation

UCLA researchers have discovered an interspecies signaling molecule utilized by S. mutans. The molecule plays a role in biofilm development, and the deletion of the gene encoding this signal results in a super biofilm phenotype. The molecule is S. mutans selective, and is maximally produced by the bacteria during mid to late logarithmic growth phase in planktonic (non-biofilm) conditions.

Applications

Related Materials

• Mutation of luxS affects biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans. Infect Immun. (2003)

Patent Status