Antibiotic resistance is a major issue in infectious disease treatment and prevention. In bacteria, the type III secretion system (T3SS) secretes effector proteins in the host cell, allowing the pathogen to infect. The T3SS is largely found on pathogens and not beneficial bacteria, so targeting the T3SS might have an advantage over using classic antibiotics, which disturb the beneficial human microbiome.

A breakthrough one-wire EEG cap with embedded electrode chips provides ultra-sensitive, noise-immune, wide-band brain signal acquisition. It enables non-invasive, real-time, high-resolution recording using dry electrodes, ideal for wearable and clinical neuro-technology applications.

Combinatorial encoded library technologies can provide a set of tools for discovering protein-targeting ligands (molecules) and for drug discovery. These techniques can accelerate ligand discovery by leveraging chemical diversity achievable through genetically encoded combinatorial libraries, for example, by combinatorial permutation of chemical building blocks. Although display technologies such as mRNA and phage display use biological translation machinery to produce peptide-based libraries, hits from these libraries often lack key drug-like properties, for example, cell permeability. This limitation can arise from the peptide backbone's inherent polarity and the tendency to select compounds with polar/charged side chains. Backbone N-methylation can increase scaffold lipophilicity in mRNA display; however, codon table constraints can necessitate longer sequences to fully utilize the available space.DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) offer an alternative approach towards discovering hits against drug targets. However, like other encoded library techniques, DELs face significant obstacles in affinity selections, which tend to enrich library members bearing polar and/or charged moieties, which can have low (poor) passive cell membrane permeability, especially in larger molecular weight libraries, resulting in hits with poor drug-like properties. This selection bias is especially problematic for larger constructs beyond the rule of 5, where fine-tuning lipophilicity can be critical. Furthermore, DNA-encoded libraries can be of low quality. Although algorithmic predictions of lipophilicity exist, these two-dimensional (2D) atomistic calculations cannot capture conformational effects exhibited by larger molecules like peptide macrocycles. Despite over a decade of DEL technology development, no method exists to measure physical properties of encoded molecules across an entire DNA-encoded library. That is, successful translation of hits from encoded library selections can be impeded by low quality libraries and enrichment of highly polar members which tend to have poor passive cell permeability, especially for larger molecular weight libraries.DELs are produced through split-pool synthesis with DNA barcoding to encode the building block of each chemical step. Although this approach can draw on a large number of building blocks and allow for the formation of non-peptidic libraries with a large number of members, synthetic challenges persist. The formation of DELs can be synthetically inefficient. Truncations multiply ( are compounded) throughout synthesis, reducing the representation of properly synthesized constructs. Although strategies to improve library purity, to enable reaction monitoring for macrocycle formation, and to identify problematic chemistry affecting DNA tag amplification may be applied, a direct method for assessing DEL quality on a library-wide basis has yet to be developed.   

Compromised cognitive states such as fatigue, lack of sleep, stress, and age-related cognitive decline can severely impact mental and physical performance, often contributing to accidents and significant health costs. To address this challenge, UC Berkeley researchers have developed an in-ear electro-mechanical device for monitoring brain activity. This innovative apparatus features a main body made of a compliant material with an internal electronics housing, a conical tip, and a plurality of dry electrodes. A key feature is the placement of the dry electrodes: some are formed on the surface of the conical tip, and others are on the surface of the main body's second end. The technology also includes methods for three-dimensional printing an electrode base sized for the ear, followed by forming successive layers of base, intermediate, and final metals. Furthermore, the invention encompasses a sophisticated methodology for training a machine learning model to predict a user's cognitive state based on these in-ear brain activity measurements. This is achieved by correlating in-ear brain activity measurements with objective and subjective cognitive state measurements taken during a known control task, identifying a "triggering event," and using that data to train the model to predict cognitive state for generic users.

An innovative non-invasive device that accurately determines the age of bruises for all skin types and tones, designed to assist in forensic investigations and medical diagnostics.

NeoMold is an innovative, non-surgical solution designed to correct ear deformities quickly and safely within the first weeks of life.

Researchers at the University of California, Davis have developed a method for producing aligned, food-grade hydrogel fibers at high throughput for scalable cultivated meat manufacturing.

Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols determine how multiple devices share a single communication channel. This started with Additive Links On-Line Hawaii Area (ALOHA) channel protocol and advanced to Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) protocols, variants of which are used today as WiFi standards. Such random access protocols are generally divided into contention-based methods like ALOHA and CSMA which are simple yet can have collisions at high traffic loads, and contention-free methods like Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) which offer high efficiency but require complex clock synchronization and inflexible time slotting. While distributed queuing concepts have been pitched to help bridge this gap (e.g., DQDB or DQRAP) they have traditionally relied on physical time slots, dual buses, and/or complex signaling that makes them less suitable for the modern demands of wireless networks.